Alexandrite            

Amber                     

Diamonds                 

Painite                   

Pearls                       

Peridot                     

 Spinels                   

 

Alexandrite The Alexandrite variety displays a colour change (alexandrite effect) dependent upon light. Alexandrite results from small scale replacement of aluminium by chromium oxide, which is responsible for Alexandrite's characteristic green to red colour change. Alexandrite from the Ural mountains in Russia is green by daylight and red by incandescent light. Other varieties of Alexandrite may be yellowish or pink in daylight and a raspberry red by incandescent light. The optimum or ideal colour change would be fine emerald green to fine purplish red, but this is exceedingly rare. Because of their rarity and the colour change capability, "ideal" Alexandrite gems are some of the most expensive in the world.
The finest Alexandrites were found in the Ural Mountains in Russia, the largest cut stones being in the 30 carat (6g) range, though many fine examples have been discovered in Sri Lanka (up to 65 cts), India (Andhra Pradesh) and Myanmar. Overall, stones from any locale over 5 cts (1g) would be considered extremely rare, especially gems with fine colour change.
Alexandrite is both hard and tough, making it well suited to wear as jewellery, The gem has given rise to the adjective "Alexandritic", meaning any transparent gem or material which shows a noted change in colour between natural and incandescent light. Some other gem varieties of which Alexandritic specimens have been found include Sapphires, Garnet and Spinels.

Amber

Amber is found in colours from green to gold and orange, brown and even red. It is found either clear or opaque in nature with any cloudy appearance caused by imprisoned bubbles.  Amber was also employed as an essence or scent and still is used as an ingredient in modern perfumes.

Amber has wide distribution in Europe, Sicily and the Adriatic, Australasia, America, Russia, Siberia, Greenland, Mexico, Myanmar and Romania. It is occasionally washed up on beaches.

Diamonds

With few naturally occurring deposits in Myanmar, diamonds are not as economically productive as other precious stones such as Rubies, Jade and Sapphires.

While the majority of diamonds in the world come from Africa, Myanmar has only small deposits in Mong Mit Township in Shan State, and Myeik Township in Tanintharyi Division.

Most diamonds in the Myanmar market come from Thailand, India, Hong Kong and Belgium.

“There are four Cs that determine the value of a diamond on the international market: colour, clarity, cut and carat,”

Rubies with Diamonds

Painite was once believed to be the rarest mineral on earth and is still today to be considered to be very rare. It was first found in Myanmar by British mineralogist and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain in the 1950's. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him. For many years, only three small Painite crystals were known to exist. Before 2005 there were fewer than 25 known crystals found, though more material has been recently unearthed in Myanmar.

More recently, Painite specimens have been discovered at a new location in Northern Myanmar. It is believed that further excavations in this area will yield more Painite crystals.

Pearls

They have beautiful gold pearls, silver pearls, cultured pearls, natural pearls, baroque pearls and all kind of variants of pearls form the pearls from the oyster of the Andaman Sea.

Gold and silver pearls are grown in the Andaman Sea surrounding the unspoiled islands of the Myeik (formerly Mergui) archipelago in the south. Myanmar pearls are available either as cultured or natural baroque.

The biggest pearl on the globe was found on the seabed at Mukkalauk pearl oyster exploration area north-west of Zadetgyi Island in Kawthoung Township, Taninthayi Division, the pearl is 6.2 cm in length, 5.3 cm in width and three cm in height, exceeding the measurements of the Hope Pearl recorded as the world's largest in the past.

The pearl's weight is 45.06 mommes, 845 carats, 169 grams and 929.50 yatis. According to Gemological Institute of America, the Hope Pearl found in about 1800, was 5.71 cm in length and 90 grams in weight. The silvery pearl was found in an oyster of Pinctada Maxima species.

In the beginning pearl hunting was the only means known for harvesting pearls. A little before the start of the 20th century divers manually pulled oysters from ocean floors and river bottoms and checked each one of them individually for pearls. Salone divers in the Taninthayi Division still today dive for pearls

However, not all natural oysters produce pearls. In fact, in a haul of three tonnes, only three or four oysters will produce perfect pearls.

Eventually the process of culturing pearls was discovered. Nowadays, almost all pearls used for jewelry are cultured by planting a core or nucleus into pearl oysters. Normally it takes three years after the planting for the pearls to be ready for harvesting but it may take up to six years also before the pearls are produced and ready.

Peridot is the gem quality variety of forsteritic olivine. The name of the gemstone is believed to come from either the Arabic word faridat meaning "gem" or the French word peritot meaning "unclear". Peridot is one of the few gemstones that come in only one colour. The depth of green depends on how much iron is contained in the crystal structure, and varies from yellow-green to brownish-green. Peridot is also often referred to as "poor man's emerald". Olivine is a very abundant mineral, but gem quality peridot is rather rare. Peridot crystals have been collected from iron-nickel meteorites.

A special variety of a Peridot/Olivine from Pakistan is known as "Kashmir" peridot. Due to the large size of the rough stones found there, cutters have successfully created faceted stones of over 100 carats (20g) from the rough gems of this area.

Peridot/Olivine is the birthstone of August.

The Spinels are any of a class of minerals which crystallize in the isometric system with an octahedral habit.

The Samarian Spinel is the largest known spinel in the world measuring 500 carats. True spinels have long been found in the gemstone bearing gravel of Sri Lanka and in limestones of Myanmar and Thailand.

The transparent red spinels are called spinel-rubies or balas-rubies and were often confused with actual rubies in ancient times.